In the 11th century, Persian polymath Avicenna (Ibn Sina) conducted an experiment that would echo through the ages of medicine, psychology, and now, behavioural neuroscience. His now-famous study involving two lambs and a wolf laid the groundwork for understanding the...
The External Screen Model – The site of the Emotional Memory Image Abstract This paper proposes that emotional memory images (EMIs) – mental visualisations of the objects of our phobias or traumatic memories – are unconscious pictures viewed on an...
Fear is one of the most fundamental human emotions, profoundly shaping our thoughts, behaviours, and physiological responses. It can be both a survival mechanism and a psychological barrier, protecting us from harm while also limiting our growth and potential....
The fear of flying, also known as aviophobia or aerophobia, is a common anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear or anxiety specifically related to flying or being on an airplane. This fear can range from mild discomfort to severe panic attacks, making it...
Is the Fear of Needles Real? The fear of needles is real to anyone who has it. However, it is False Evidence Appearing Real (FEAR). As the emotional memory image (EMI) which is buried deep inside of the unconscious mind, springs to life upon seeing the needle or...
How does fear work? Fear is the alarm system that has contributed to our survival against predators since the beginning of time. Fear begins with an adverse learning experience that creates an emotional memory image (EMI), this is stored in our subconscious mind....
